![]() displacement response of the steel rebar-to-concrete joint with precision. However, these studies generally miss showing the ability of the derived bond-slip relationships to predict the load vs. Among other subjects, the experimentally based analyses cover the influence of high-performance concrete, lightweight aggregate concrete, steel corrosion, or bond conditions of the steel rebars on the bond-slip relationship between the steel rebar and the concrete. ) studies where the pull-out test is often used rather than the tests cited in ACI 408R-03 such as the beam end, beam anchorage, and beam splice tests. Therefore, it is not surprising that this topic has motivated several experimental (e.g. The success of reinforced concrete (RC) structures lies in the good bond quality between ribbed steel rebars and concrete. Although the type of the bond-slip relationship influences the detachment of the steel rebar from the concrete, the yielding of the former material was found to be the main parameter that masks the differences in the behaviour of real-scale RC structures when different types of bond-slip relationships were considered in the numerical simulations. After the validation of the numerical model through a proposed new bond-slip relationship, other parameters were studied also. ![]() This work aims to clarify some of these aspects by numerically simulating several pull-out tests under different conditions and checking their influence (or not) on real-scale specimens. Therefore, only choosing the correct bond-slip relationship may lead to exact interpretations and conclusions of the structural behaviour of a concrete structure but with the existing different bond-slip types, researchers can be misled inadvertently. In this matter, the local bond-slip models recommended in codes seem to satisfy some researchers while others suggest prudence in using them. So, the definition of the local behaviour between the ribbed steel rebar and concrete is critical to correctly simulate the adherence between both materials. It is also undeniable its relevancy for the better understanding and model reinforced concrete (RC) structures. ![]() However, the definition of the bond stress distribution throughout the embedded length of the steel rebar is still controversial due to the difficulty of experimentally obtaining such distribution for a fixed load magnitude. The beveled head of the askew head bolt engages the internal wedge shape of the insert and produces an automatic tightening action when a load is placed on it.The study of interfacial behaviour between ribbed steel rebars and concrete is a subject that has been widely studied. When the forms are stripped, the open face of the insert is flush with the concrete. Nail holes in the back of the insert allow easy nailing to forms. ![]() Concrete Inserts BLOK-LOK Concrete Wedge inserts are embedded into concrete slabs.They are placed where cracking is likely to occur due to excessive tensile stress. Control Joints Control joint products are used to reduce restraint and permit longitudinal movement.An important application of stress distribution joint reinforcement is to safeguard the integrity of masonry walls from unexpected and difficult-to-design-for events such as industrial explosions and accidents. Stress Distribution – Continuous joint reinforcement is used to distribute stress concentrations that occur above and below windows, or where wall sections are reduced because of embedded columns, and below concentrated loads such as beams and slabs. Wall Intersections – Partition-Lok® and Corner-Lok® are prefabricated pieces of corner and tee joint reinforcement used to join masonry walls at intersections and corners. Applications of Joint Reinforcement Reinforced Masonry – Joint reinforcement either alone or in conjunction with wider-spaced bond beams contributes to the area of steel requirements in reinforced masonry. Table A (page 2) shows wire size and properties for steel joint reinforcement material. For joint reinforcement to effectively distribute stress it must be adequately bonded through the mortar so that the masonry and reinforcement act together. Joint Reinforcement Joint reinforcement is installed in horizontal mortar joints of masonry for shrinkage stress control.Flex-O-Lok® Ties Adjustable ties are recommended as a veneer or cavity wall tie to connect to structural steel.
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